With the introduction of Microsoft Windows Vista edition and Microsoft Office 2007, Microsoft has effectively replaced Arial as the default sans-serif font with Calibri. Calibri is based on ten years of research on reading and the development of subpixel rendering technologies.
One impact of Microsoft's research is that Calibri is actually slightly smaller visually than Arial. This means more words can fit in a single sentence. Which means a two page double spaced expository writing essay written using Calibri may require more words.
The texts below were original set so that the line length was identical in 12 point Arial and Calibri using a word processor with identical margins for both fonts. To facilitate printing on this quiz, the lines were indented an inch to create room for the character count column.
Test the hypothesis that a student will have to write more words to fill up a two page paper. Run a two tailed t-test for independent samples to determine if the number of letters per line differs for Arial and Calibri.
| Chars | Arial Lines |
|---|---|
| 60 | Contemporary sans serif design, Arial contains more humanist |
| 73 | characteristics than many of its predecessors and as such is more in tune |
| 72 | with the mood of the last decades of the twentieth century. The overall |
| 75 | treatment of curves is softer and fuller than in most industrial style sans |
| 74 | serif faces. Terminal strokes are cut on the diagonal which helps to give |
| 70 | the face a less mechanical appearance. Arial is an extremely versatile |
| 73 | family of typefaces which can be used with equal success for text setting |
| 64 | in reports, presentations, magazines etc, and for display use in |
| 69 | newspapers, advertising and promotions. Features: Arial contains 1674 |
| 71 | glyphs and 909 standard kern pairs. This font does not include embedded |
| 71 | bitmaps. Font designer: Monotype Type Drawing Office - Robin Nicholas, |
| 69 | Patricia Saunders 1982. Typeface © The Monotype Corporation plc. Data |
| 72 | © The Monotype Corporation plc/Type Solutions Inc. 1990-1992. All Rights |
| 69 | Reserved. Arial® Trademark of The Monotype Corporation plc registered |
| Chars | Calibri Lines |
|---|---|
| 81 | Calibri is a modern sans serif family with subtle roundings on stems and corners. |
| 80 | It features real italics, small caps, and multiple numeral sets. Its proportions |
| 82 | allow high impact in tightly set lines of big and small text alike. Calibri's many |
| 79 | curves and the new rasteriser team up in bigger sizes to reveal a warm and soft |
| 80 | character. Features: Calibri contains 1121 glyphs and 14148 standard kern pairs, |
| 73 | see below for OpenType kern pair information. This font includes embedded |
| 76 | bitmaps. Font designer: Luc(as) de Groot. © 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All |
| 75 | Rights Reserved. Calibri is either a registered trademark or a trademark of |
| 84 | Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. End of line fill. |
| Hypothesis testing and confidence intervals for two independent samples | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Statistic or Parameter | Symbol | Equations | OpenOffice |
| Degrees of freedom (approx.) | df | [smaller sample n] − 1 | =COUNT(smaller sample)-1 |
| Calculate t-critical for a two-tailed test | tc | =TINV(α;df) | |
| Calculate the standard error SE for two independent samples | SE |
|
=sqrt((sx^2/nx)+(sy^2/ny)) |
| Calculate a margin of error E for two independent samples using tcritical and the standard error SE. | E |
|
=tc*SE |
| Calculate the difference between two sample means | xd | x − y | =average(data set x)-average(data set y) |
| Calculate a confidence interval for a population mean difference μd from a sample mean difference xd and a margin of error E | xd − E < μd < xd + E | ||
| Calculate a p-value for the difference of the means for two independent samples where the population standard deviations are unknown | =TTEST(x data;y data;2;3) | ||