coreutils: General output formatting

1 
1 10.1.5 General output formatting
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1 
1 These options affect the appearance of the overall output.
1 
1 ‘-1’
1 ‘--format=single-column’
1      List one file per line.  This is the default for ‘ls’ when standard
1      output is not a terminal.  See also the ‘-b’ and ‘-q’ options to
1      suppress direct output of newline characters within a file name.
1 
1 ‘-C’
1 ‘--format=vertical’
1      List files in columns, sorted vertically.  This is the default for
1      ‘ls’ if standard output is a terminal.  It is always the default
1      for the ‘dir’ program.  GNU ‘ls’ uses variable width columns to
1      display as many files as possible in the fewest lines.
1 
1 ‘--color [=WHEN]’
1      Specify whether to use color for distinguishing file types.  WHEN
1      may be omitted, or one of:
1         • none - Do not use color at all.  This is the default.
1         • auto - Only use color if standard output is a terminal.
1         • always - Always use color.
1      Specifying ‘--color’ and no WHEN is equivalent to ‘--color=always’.
1      If piping a colorized listing through a pager like ‘less’, use the
1      ‘-R’ option to pass the color codes to the terminal.
1 
1      Note that using the ‘--color’ option may incur a noticeable
1      performance penalty when run in a directory with very many entries,
1      because the default settings require that ‘ls’ ‘stat’ every single
1      file it lists.  However, if you would like most of the file-type
1      coloring but can live without the other coloring options (e.g.,
1      executable, orphan, sticky, other-writable, capability), use
1      ‘dircolors’ to set the ‘LS_COLORS’ environment variable like this,
1           eval $(dircolors -p | perl -pe \
1             's/^((CAP|S[ET]|O[TR]|M|E)\w+).*/$1 00/' | dircolors -)
1      and on a ‘dirent.d_type’-capable file system, ‘ls’ will perform
1      only one ‘stat’ call per command line argument.
1 
1 ‘-F’
1 ‘--classify’
1 ‘--indicator-style=classify’
1      Append a character to each file name indicating the file type.
1      Also, for regular files that are executable, append ‘*’.  The file
1      type indicators are ‘/’ for directories, ‘@’ for symbolic links,
1      ‘|’ for FIFOs, ‘=’ for sockets, ‘>’ for doors, and nothing for
1      regular files.  Do not follow symbolic links listed on the command
1      line unless the ‘--dereference-command-line’ (‘-H’),
1      ‘--dereference’ (‘-L’), or
1      ‘--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir’ options are specified.
1 
1 ‘--file-type’
1 ‘--indicator-style=file-type’
1      Append a character to each file name indicating the file type.
1      This is like ‘-F’, except that executables are not marked.
1 
1 ‘--hyperlink [=WHEN]’
1      Output codes recognized by some terminals to link to files using
1      the ‘file://’ URI format.  WHEN may be omitted, or one of:
1         • none - Do not use hyperlinks at all.  This is the default.
1         • auto - Only use hyperlinks if standard output is a terminal.
1         • always - Always use hyperlinks.
1      Specifying ‘--hyperlink’ and no WHEN is equivalent to
1      ‘--hyperlink=always’.
1 
1 ‘--indicator-style=WORD’
1      Append a character indicator with style WORD to entry names, as
1      follows:
1 
1      ‘none’
1           Do not append any character indicator; this is the default.
1      ‘slash’
1           Append ‘/’ for directories.  This is the same as the ‘-p’
1           option.
1      ‘file-type’
1           Append ‘/’ for directories, ‘@’ for symbolic links, ‘|’ for
1           FIFOs, ‘=’ for sockets, and nothing for regular files.  This
1           is the same as the ‘--file-type’ option.
1      ‘classify’
1           Append ‘*’ for executable regular files, otherwise behave as
1           for ‘file-type’.  This is the same as the ‘-F’ or ‘--classify’
1           option.
1 
1 ‘-k’
1 ‘--kibibytes’
1      Set the default block size to its normal value of 1024 bytes,
1      overriding any contrary specification in environment variables
1      (⇒Block size).  If ‘--block-size’, ‘-h’, ‘--human-readable’,
1      or ‘--si’ options are used, they take precedence over ‘-k’ or
1      ‘--kibibytes’ even if ‘-k’ or ‘--kibibytes’ is placed after the
1      other options.
1 
1      The ‘-k’ or ‘--kibibytes’ option affects the per-directory block
1      count written by the ‘-l’ and similar options, and the size written
1      by the ‘-s’ or ‘--size’ option.  It does not affect the file size
1      written by ‘-l’.
1 
1 ‘-m’
1 ‘--format=commas’
1      List files horizontally, with as many as will fit on each line,
1      separated by ‘, ’ (a comma and a space).
1 
1 ‘-p’
1 ‘--indicator-style=slash’
1      Append a ‘/’ to directory names.
1 
1 ‘-x’
1 ‘--format=across’
1 ‘--format=horizontal’
1      List the files in columns, sorted horizontally.
1 
1 ‘-T COLS’
1 ‘--tabsize=COLS’
1      Assume that each tab stop is COLS columns wide.  The default is 8.
1      ‘ls’ uses tabs where possible in the output, for efficiency.  If
1      COLS is zero, do not use tabs at all.
1 
1      Some terminal emulators might not properly align columns to the
1      right of a TAB following a non-ASCII byte.  You can avoid that
1      issue by using the ‘-T0’ option or put ‘TABSIZE=0’ in your
1      environment, to tell ‘ls’ to align using spaces, not tabs.
1 
1 ‘-w COLS’
1 ‘--width=COLS’
1      Assume the screen is COLS columns wide.  The default is taken from
1      the terminal settings if possible; otherwise the environment
1      variable ‘COLUMNS’ is used if it is set; otherwise the default is
1      80.  With a COLS value of ‘0’, there is no limit on the length of
1      the output line, and that single output line will be delimited with
1      spaces, not tabs.
1